下一次技术浪潮:解锁机器人真正潜力的突破口是?
AI与电池:弥合机器人想象与现实的答案?
在大众的想象中,机器人似乎无所不能:拥有超凡的力量、速度和智慧。然而,现实却远没有那么神奇。
目前,机器人的应用场景还比较有限,主要是在特定的工业领域,负责执行那些不知疲倦、快速而精准的重复性操作,不过这些领域的范围确实在不断扩大。尽管如此,我们有充分理由相信,两大创新趋势——人工智能以及更轻便、更强大的电池——将为奇迹人技术带来一场深刻的变革。
图1 – 稳定但平淡无奇
全球工业机器人年安装量及预测(千台)
*预测
资料来源:《世界机器人报告2023》
机器人将如何走出工厂车间?
工业机器人的需求大部分来自制造业,尤其是电子和汽车制造。这两个行业都是工业机器人应用的先行者,例如汽车行业早在20世纪60年代就开始采用液压驱动机器人进行重型搬运。如今,电子和汽车应用仍是机器人的主要应用领域。因此,那些拥有庞大电子和汽车产业,同时又面临人口结构挑战的国家,对这些机器人的需求往往最大,韩国就是一个典型的例子。
图2 – 全球工业机器人年安装量(按客户行业划分)(千台)
资料来源:《世界机器人报告2023》
图3 – 机器人需求旺盛
资料来源:《世界机器人报告2023》
更强大的电池将赋予机器人更高的自主性,让它们能够去往更远的地方、运行更长时间,并举起和搬运更重的物品。这将为机器人在物流、运输和农业等领域的广泛应用打开大门,其应用范围将远超我们当前所见。
图4 – 能量密度提升
电池能量密度(瓦时/千克)
资料来源:落基山研究所 (RMI)
超越工业:AI开启服务机器人新赛道
与此同时,人工智能将使机器人能够分析和处理通过其传感器捕捉到的信息,并据此做出合理的行动,从而更好地独立应对各种环境。这一点对于需要与人类协同工作的“协作机器人”(cobots)而言,意义尤为重大。此外,人工智能将推动服务机器人市场,为专业用户和消费者开辟新的应用途径。
图5 – 服务至上
按类型划分的服务机器人*
资料来源:国际机器人联合会
*国际机器人联合会分类标准 https://ifr.org/wr-service-robots/
图6 – 起步之初
专业用途服务机器人,前五大应用领域(销售量,千台)
资料来源:《世界机器人报告2023》
阅读《2025年大趋势》报告中的文章
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